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Adlerian Therapy
A Psychodynamic approach. Adlerian Psychotherapists believe that an individuals self-image can be self-defeating, leading to feelings of inferiority. The therapeutic approach emphasizes goals, and actions to encourage, to activate social interest, and to develop a new life style through relationship, analysis, and action.Analytical Psychotherapy
Analytical Psychotherapy attempts to create a relationship between consciousness and the unconscious. The therapist encourages and guides communication between the two systems via an imagining process using ''symbolic language'', as in dreams and fantasies. Increased awareness, and thus symptomatic relief is brought about by the translation and interpretation of this ''symbolic language''.Behaviour Therapy
Uses theories of how people learn to help promote change, usually of a specific troublesome symptom or behaviour. Aims at modifying behaviour by reinforcing acceptable behaviour and suppressing undesirable behaviour. The therapist employs any of various techniques of reward and punishment including assertiveness training, aversion therapy, desensitisation, or guided imagery.Brief Therapy
Time-limited therapy. Goal-oriented, focused and directed toward specific problems and solutions.Client Centred Therapy
Rogerian, a humanistic therapy which relies on a safe, non-judgmental relationship between the therapist and the client to help the client realize their own values. In Client-Centred Therapy, the central hypotheses is that the growth potential of the client will tend to be released in a relationship in which the therapist communicates realness, caring, and a deeply sensitive, non-judgmental understanding. Thus, the therapist practices participative and empathic listening, while allowing the client to freely vent their feelings.Cognitive Therapy
Focuses on correcting learned misconceptions, and assumes that feelings and behaviour can be changed if ideas are changed.Eclectic Therapy
Selects what is valid or useful from all available theories, methods, and practices. The eclectic approach rejects adherence to any one school or system, and instead utilizes what is most valid or relevant from the whole therapeutic spectrum.EMDR - Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing
EMDR is a process developed to help clients process through traumatic memories and events more quickly. The intense feelings that result from these types of events can become locked in the nervous system and later produce symptoms of fear, anxiety, sadness, and rage long after the event has passed. It is a profound tool for rapid and deep personal healing and change.Experiential Therapy
Linked to existential psychotherapy, which holds that one makes and changes oneself in present living, experiential psychotherapy and ''focusing'' gets into direct touch with the concrete level, where troubles are said to actually exist. Therapists try to establish a ''felt sense'' within their patients in order to create a more holistic sense of a problem or unresolved situation.Existential Therapy
A humanist therapeutic orientation that ''takes the unfolding of the client's genuine self as its goal.'' A form of therapy which allows clients to be the author of their own lives through self-knowledge. It believes that the client's suffering stems from how they relate to the four ultimate human concerns of death, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness. By understanding the underlying conflict the client is able to identify their poor ways of dealing with the conflict and develop better ways of coping with the reality of basic existence.Family Systems Therapy
Individuals are seen as part of, and affected by, their families. Family history and interaction is made a part of the individual's therapy. The therapists often suggest that the entire family be seen together, but some will work with an individual and use the ''systems'' perspective when working with that individual.Gestalt Therapy
Promotes increased awareness and integration of the self as a whole, including aspects of self that are often feared or misunderstood. The goal is to understand and create a ''working relationship'' with these aspects of self. Techniques such as role playing are often used to help in the process. The Therapist encourages clients to release their emotions and to recognize these emotions for what they are. It tends to be somewhat confrontational and directly challenges the clients defences against coming to grips with their problems. This therapy holds that a person's inability to successfully integrate the parts of his or her personality into a healthy whole may lie at the root of psychological disturbance.Human Givens Therapy
Assumes that we all have basic emotional needs, such as the need for love, security and self esteem and that we all have resources to help us meet those needs, such as memory, imagination, self-awareness. These are the human givens. Distress is caused by having emotional needs that are not met, or by using our resources incorrectly. Human Givens Therapists help clients identify unmet emotional needs, and help them to activate the resources to meet those needs. Human Givens Therapists aim to help the client to start feeling better straight away, and to help the client use their own resources to make an immediate improvement in emotional health.Humanistic Therapy
Identifies interpersonal environments as the source of emotional problems. The role of the therapist is one of support and reinforcement of the person's sense of self.Imago Relationship Therapy
Based on the belief that couples often unconsciously bring unfinished business from childhood into their romantic partnerships, placing the burden of meeting these childhood needs on their partners. Imago Relationship therapists seek to help couples identify their unconscious agendas in the relationship, and work to resolve those issues constructively.Jungian Therapy
Psychoanalytic orientation which stresses the role of spirituality and spiritual needs in dealing with emotional disorders. Based on the work of psychoanalyst Carl Jung. Jung classified personality into introverts and extroverts and developed a theory of the unconscious mind that included both the personal and the collective.Non-directive Therapy
Non-directive Therapy emphasizes the importance of getting the individual to share his problems. The client unloads and airs his problems, and the counsellor affirms the worth of the client by listening.Psychoanalytic Therapy
This approach attempts to help a person understand their thoughts, feelings, and behaviours in terms of unconscious inner drives. Sigmund Freud was the originator of psychoanalytic thought but other analytic theories have since been developed, including Jungian, Adlerian, and others.Psychoanalysis
An approach to therapy, human nature, and personality theory introduced by Sigmund Freud. Psychoanalysis emphasizes the role of unconscious motivation in conscious behaviour. By being aware of the patient's verbal and nonverbal communications, psychoanalysts can offer interpretations. It is a form of therapy which uses ''free associatio'', in which the patient is encouraged to speak openly and freely, and relies on the analysis of transferences and resistance. Psychoanalysis strives on making the unconscious more conscious.Psychodynamic Therapy
A variation on Freudian psychoanalysis. Like classical psychoanalytic therapy, psychodynamic theory views thoughts, feelings, and behaviours as manifestations of inner drives. However, psychodynamic therapy involves more direct interaction between the therapist and the client, and in general assigns a more active role to the client than in psychoanalysis.REBT Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy
Based on the hypothesis that an individual's irrational beliefs result in erroneous and damaging self-appraisals. REBT attempts to change these faulty beliefs by emphasizing cognitive restructuring. It is an action-oriented approach that focuses on examining damaging unconscious assumptions and working to change them. Therapists utilize many cognitive, affective, and behavioural methods to reorient the patient’s belief system.Reality Therapy
Emphasizes personal responsibility for one's actions; the therapist acts as a coach, helping the client learn how to get desired results in life by changing his or her actions. Reality therapy stresses understanding and accepting the consequences of ones actions as cause and effect.Rogerian Therapy
In Carl Rogers' view, people have a basic need to realize their abilities and attain psychological health and well-being. His concept of client-centred therapy holds that the role of the counsellor is not to resolve client’s conflicts, but rather to help them become the best they can be. A Rogerian counsellor might help clients explore and discover the reasons for occupational choices or emotional problems, but the discovery would be the client’s not the counsellor's.Somatic Psychotherapy
Somatic Psychotherapy works with attention to the bodily experience. It makes use of breath, sensory awareness, movement, and one's spatial sense and boundaries. It explores how we form our experience and makes use of body metaphors.Transactional Analysis
Focuses on an individual's interactions (transactions) with others, and analyses them for insight into the client. The goal is to help clients respond more consciously and intentionally to situations and people, thereby enabling them to make new decisions regarding future behaviour and the future course of their life.Transpersonal Therapy
Expands psychology to include the spiritual aspects of human experience. The transpersonal therapist uses an eclectic approach in which the counsellor is seen as an expert facilitator.
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Published: 26-03-2006
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